Etikoppaka Bommala, also known as Etikoppaka toys, are renowned handcrafted wooden toys originating from the village of Etikoppaka in Andhra Pradesh, India. These toys are celebrated for their unique aesthetic, eco-friendly materials, and intricate craftsmanship, making them a cherished symbol of Indian cultural heritage. Toy making involves use of lathe on which a rapidly rotating piece of softwood is shaped with a chisel to create cylinders spheres or cones. The beauty of this craft lies in painting the smooth wooden shapes with colored lacquer using colors made from natural sources, making it eco friendly and safe. These toys are a testament to the craftsmanship, culture, and sustainable practices that have been passed down through generations.
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Etikopakka home of Traditional Indian Toy Crafting
Nestled in the serene landscape of Andhra Pradesh, India, lies a quaint village called Etikoppaka. This village, though small, is renowned for a rich tradition of crafting exquisite wooden toys known as "Etikoppaka Bommala." Other important centers where this craft forms are practiced are Ernakulam, Chennapatna, Chitrakoot, Davanagere, Medak, Sankheda, and Varanasi.
Etikopakka village is blessed with abundant natural resources that are essential for this craft. The proximity to forests provides easy access to the softwood, primarily from the Ankudu tree (Wrightia tinctoria), which is ideal for carving these intricate toys due to its lightweight and malleable properties.
The geographical location also influences the availability of natural dyes, derived from seeds, lacquer, and other local plants, which are used to color the toys. The climate and soil conditions in the area support the growth of these plants, ensuring a steady supply of raw materials. Moreover, the village’s setting fosters a community-based lifestyle where knowledge and skills are passed down through generations, creating a concentrated hub of expertise and tradition.
The local rivers and water bodies facilitate the processes of wood treatment and dye preparation, integral steps in toy making. Furthermore, the region's access to trade routes and marketplaces aids in the distribution of the finished products, helping artisans reach a wider audience.
The Geographical Indication Tag
Etikoppaka toys, known for their traditional craftsmanship and use of natural dyes, have been granted a Geographical Indication (GI) tag. This status was officially awarded in 2017, recognizing the unique cultural and geographical significance of the toys crafted in Etikoppaka village in Andhra Pradesh. The GI tag helps protect the intellectual property rights of the artisans and ensures that only those producing the toys within the designated region can label them as "Etikoppaka toys." This recognition not only helps preserve the heritage and authenticity of this craft but also provides a boost to the local economy by promoting the unique attributes of these toys on a global scale.
The Origins of Etikoppaka Toys
Etikoppaka toys, also referred to as lacquer toys, trace their roots back over a century. The craft began as a small-scale family enterprise and gradually became the mainstay of the village’s economy. The artisans of Etikoppaka, known as "Aryakshatriyas," have been preserving and innovating this craft, maintaining its traditional essence while adapting to modern trends.
Crafting Process: A Symphony of Skill and Sustainability
The creation of Etikoppaka toys is a meticulous process, demanding both skill and patience. Following are the key Features of Etikoppaka Bommala.
1. Material and Craftsmanship:
Wood: The primary material used is Ankudu wood (Wrightia tinctoria), known for its lightweight, fine grain, and durability. This wood is sustainably sourced to ensure environmental balance.
Crafting Process: The process begins with selecting and seasoning the wood, which is then cut into pieces and shaped using a lathe. This lathe-turning technique allows artisans to create smooth, symmetrical forms with precision.
2. Lacquering and Coloring:
Natural Lacquer: A key distinguishing feature of Etikoppaka toys is the use of natural lacquer, derived from the sap of the lacquer tree. This lacquer gives the toys a glossy finish and a smooth texture.
Natural Dyes: The colors used in Etikoppaka toys are sourced from natural materials like seeds, leaves, bark, and minerals. These dyes are safe and non-toxic, making the toys suitable for children.
3. Design and Detailing:
Traditional Themes: The designs of Etikoppaka toys often reflect traditional themes, including rural life, folklore, mythology, and nature. Common figures include animals, birds, deities, and human forms.
Intricate Details: Each toy is meticulously detailed with hand-painted patterns and carvings, showcasing the artisan's skill and creativity. The intricate designs add depth and character to the toys, making them unique pieces of art.
4. Types of Toys:
Dolls and Figures: These include various human and deity figures, often dressed in traditional attire and posed in cultural settings.
Animals and Birds: Carved representations of animals and birds are popular, capturing the essence of wildlife in vibrant colors and playful forms.
Educational Toys: Some Etikoppaka toys are designed to be educational, such as alphabet and number blocks, puzzles, and stacking toys, promoting learning through play.
Cultural Significance and Modern Relevance
Etikoppaka toys are more than just decorative items; they embody the cultural heritage of Andhra Pradesh. Traditionally, these toys have depicted scenes from rural life, folklore, and mythology. The vibrant colors and simple yet expressive forms evoke a sense of nostalgia and cultural pride.
In contemporary times, Etikoppaka toys have gained international recognition for their eco-friendly and non-toxic nature. As the world increasingly turns towards sustainable practices, these toys stand out as perfect examples of eco-conscious artistry. They are often showcased in global exhibitions and have become popular souvenirs among tourists.
Challenges and the Way Forward
Despite their beauty and cultural significance, Etikoppaka toys face several challenges. The advent of plastic toys has affected demand, and the younger generation of artisans often seeks more lucrative professions. Additionally, the scarcity of Ankudu wood due to deforestation poses a significant threat to this craft.
To combat these challenges, several initiatives have been undertaken. Government support, in the form of subsidies and marketing assistance, has been crucial. NGOs and cultural organizations are working to promote these toys through fairs, exhibitions, and online platforms. Educational programs aimed at teaching the younger generation about the importance and techniques of this craft are also being implemented.
Conclusion
Etikoppaka Bommala represents a harmonious blend of tradition, artistry, and sustainability. These toys are not just objects but carriers of a rich cultural legacy. By supporting and promoting Etikoppaka toys, we contribute to the preservation of an ancient craft that has adapted beautifully to the demands of the modern world. Let us celebrate this unique art form and ensure that the melody of the lathe machine in Etikoppaka continues to resonate for generations to come.
Experiencing Etikopakka through Craftique Hub
If you are intrigued by this beautiful Craft of Toy making and want to experience it right at source observe craft its form and interact with the Arisans then check out our Craft Tour "Explore Regional Craft of Vizag: Etikopakka Toy Making" or Explore Craft Tour Section of our website to check out other craft tours we have curated for you.
Call to Action:
If you find yourself charmed by the story and the craft of Etikoppaka toys, consider purchasing these beautiful artifacts and supporting the artisans who pour their heart and soul into each piece. Write to us if you want to buy these toys or want to collaborate.
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