Pattachitra paintings are renowned for their intricate storytelling and vibrant motifs. These artworks are deeply rooted in the tradition of temple paintings and are closely associated with the cult of Shri Jagannath and the temple traditions of Puri. Both Odisha and West Bengal are prominent centers for Pattachitra, each with its unique style and motifs. Consequently, the GI tags are registered separately: Odisha Pattachitra for Odisha and Bengal Pattachitra for West Bengal.
Pattachitra is a highly disciplined art form with specific rules and restrictions. A floral border is mandatory, and only natural colors are used, typically in a single tone. The lines are bold and clean, and sharp. Generally, there are no landscapes, perspectives, and distant views. This results in a distinctive appearance unique to Pattachitra, making it instantly recognizable and impossible to replicate.
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Origin and Legacy
The word "Pattachitra" is derived from two Sanskrit words: "Patta," meaning cloth, and "Chitra," meaning picture or painting. Pattachitra, therefore, signifies "cloth painting." The roots of Pattachitra art date back to ancient times, with references in various historical texts and scriptures. This art form was primarily used to depict stories from Hindu mythology and epics, such as the Ramayana, Mahabharata, and the Puranas.
Pattachitra - A truly sustainable craft
Traditionally the paintings created on cloth or palm leaves, with natural pigments obtained from minerals and plants, lending a unique and enduring vibrancy to the artwork. Artists often prepare their canvases by treating them with a mixture of chalk and tamarind seed paste, which results in a smooth and polished surface. The subjects are painted with brushes made from natural materials like animal hair. The forms are hand drawn and painting using brushes and natural paints.
The colours are derived from stones and mixed with natural cum in coconut shells so that they do not dry up in the process of painting. The artists use five natural colours – white, yellow, red, blue and black, though they do mix other colours using these five. While some artists still follow the tradition of using black for an evil character, yellow for female characters and such, most of them use the colours as they see fit to create an enhanced visual appeal.
Tales and Legends
A popular tale associated with Pattachitra art recounts that on the full moon of May or June, celebrated as the birthday of Jagannath, the deities from his temple undergo a ritualistic bath to ward off the summer heat. This event, known as 'Snana Yatra,' attracts thousands of spectators. Following the bath, the three deities are believed to develop a fever that lasts for 15 days, a period called 'Anasar.' During these 15 days, devotees are unable to see their gods.
Pattachitra paintings originally emerged to represent these three deities, providing devotees a way to worship them during their 15-day seclusion. This art form was initially known as 'Anasar Patti' in honor of this period of seclusion, before becoming widely known as Pattachitra.
Traditional depiction
One of the most celebrated tales depicted in Pattachitra is the story of Lord Jagannath, a significant deity in the region. The annual Rath Yatra or chariot festival in Puri, Odisha, involves the ceremonial procession of Lord Jagannath, and Pattachitra plays an integral role in the festivities. Artists create intricate paintings of the deities, their chariots, and the entire event, which are displayed during the festival.
Pattachitra also features episodes from the Mahabharata and the Ramayana, illustrating iconic scenes from these epics. One such legendary episode is the 'Ras Leela,' showcasing the divine love between Lord Krishna and the gopis. These vibrant paintings not only narrate stories but also evoke spiritual and emotional connections with the audience.
Contemporary Significance
Pattachitra has transitioned from traditional formats to modern canvases, adapting to new forms of expression. Today, Pattachitra artists continue to preserve their artistic heritage while exploring new themes and styles. They use the art to comment on social issues, environmental concerns, and contemporary narratives, thereby breathing new life into this ancient art form. This fusion of old and new is evident in the use of modern canvases, colors, and even digital mediums, making Pattachitra more accessible and appealing to a global audience. Moreover, modern Pattachitra artists are exploring various applications beyond traditional paintings, such as home decor, fashion accessories, and utility items, thus broadening the scope and market for this art form. This evolution is supported by government initiatives and cultural organizations that promote and protect the craft, including the award of the Geographical Indication (GI) tag, which helps safeguard its authenticity. The transition of Pattachitra from traditional to modern reflects the dynamic nature of cultural art forms, adapting to changing times while maintaining their rich heritage and continuing to tell stories that resonate across generations.
Experiencing Pattachitra through Craftique Hub
The village of Raghurajpur in Puri, Orissa is best known for its Rich Heritage in Arts and Crafts. The village is a living museum of art and culture, where residents continue to practice and pass down these art forms through generations. To experience this art form taking shape among the micro community of Pattachitra Artist, join us in Heritage Craft Tour of Orissa (Pattachitra, Applique and Dhokra Craft). To know more about other mindfully created craft tours, visit 'Craft Tour' section of our website.
In conclusion, Pattachitra stands as an enduring symbol of Odisha's rich cultural history and artistic finesse. Its intricate storytelling, vibrant colors, and dedication to preserving ancient tales make it a compelling art form. As the tradition evolves and adapts, Pattachitra continues to enchant art enthusiasts and spiritual seekers alike, bridging the gap between ancient legends and modern expressions.
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